Unbemannter Luftfahrzeuge (UAV): technische Anwendungen, standardisierter Workflow, und zukünftige Entwicklungen in der Maisproduktion - Erkennung von Wasserstress, Unkrautkartierung, Überwachung der Nährstoffbilanz und Ertragsvorhersage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15150/lt.2021.3263Abstract
Als Folge der rasch fortschreitenden technologischen Entwicklungen und deren zunehmender Integration in die landwirtschaftliche Mechanisierung und Agrarsektor bezogene künstliche Intelligenz beginnen UAVs allmählich eine immer wichtigere Rolle vor allem bei der Dokumentation und Überwachung von Ackerkulturen zu spielen. Dieser Literaturüberblick stellt die Entwicklung von UAVs in vier dominanten Hauptanwendungen im Maisanbau vor und umfasst folgende Themen: (i) Erkennung von Wasserstress, (ii) Unkrautkartierung, (iii) Überwachung der Nährstoffbilanz und (iv) Ertragsvorhersage. Darüber hinaus fasst diese Arbeit die Methoden des UAV-Datenmanagements zusammen, erklärt, wie Expertensysteme in UAV-Systemen funktionieren und liefert standardisierte Workflow-Daten für Landwirte im Maisanbau. Weiterhin werden die Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken des UAV-Einsatzes im Maisanbau analysiert. Auf der Grundlage von mehr als achtzig Publikationen und unserer eigenen Forschung weisen die Diskussion und die Schlussfolgerungen auf Schlüsselfragen des UAV-Einsatzes im Maisanbau und auf Forschungslücken hin, die geschlossen werden müssen, sowie auf eine Reihe von Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung von UAVs im Maisanbau in der Zukunft.
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